Under Yale’s Policy, Research Misconduct means Fabrication, Falsification, or Plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing Research, or in reporting Research results. Research misconduct does not include honest error or differences of opinion. To constitute Research misconduct under Yale’s policy, the alleged behavior must represent a significant departure from the Accepted Practices of the Relevant Research Community and must be shown by a Preponderance of the Evidence to have been committed intentionally, Knowingly, or Recklessly:
According to the policy and federal agency regulations:
- Fabrication is making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
- Falsification is manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record.
- Plagiarism is the appropriation of another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit.
- Research misconduct is NOT honest error or difference of opinion.
Navigate authorship disputes and plagiarism concerns, visit Guidance on Authorship in Scholarly or Scientific Publications | Office of the Provost